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Oxford is a unique and historic institution. As the oldest university in the English-speaking world, it can lay claim to nine centuries of continuous existence.
Oxford developed rapidly from 1167, when Henry II banned English students from attending the University of Paris following a quarrel with Thomas Becket.
In 1188, the historian Gerald of Wales gave a public reading to the assembled Oxford dons (university lecturers, especially at Oxford or Cambridge)。 As a royal clerk to the king and two archbishops, Gerald of Wales travelled widely and wrote extensively.
In around 1190 the arrival of Emo of Friesland, the first known overseas student, set in motion the University's tradition of developing international scholarly links.
By 1201 the University was headed by a 'magister scholarum (head of an ecclesiastical school) Oxonie‘， on whom the title of Chancellor was later conferred in 1214, and in 1231 the Masters were recognised as a universitas or corporation.
During the 13th century, rioting between town and gown (townspeople and students) hastened the establishment of primitive halls of residence.
These were succeeded by the first of Oxford's colleges, which began as endowed houses or medieval halls of residence, under the supervision of a Master.
Established between 1249 and 1264, University, Balliol and Merton Colleges are the oldest.
Less than a century later, Oxford had achieved eminence above every other seat of learning, and won the praises of popes, kings and sages by virtue of its antiquity, curriculum, doctrine and privileges. In 1355, Edward III paid tribute to the University for its invaluable contribution to learning. He also commented on the services rendered to the state by distinguished Oxford graduates.
During the 20th and early 21st centuries, Oxford established major new research capacities in the natural and applied sciences, including medicine. In so doing, it has enhanced and strengthened its traditional role as an international focus for learning and a forum for intellectual debate.
University of Oxford Website(https://www.ox.ac.uk/)
